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    Publications

    Papers in International JournalsChapters/ Papers in International BooksChapters/ Papers in National BooksCommunications in International ConferencesCommunications in National ConferencesMSc ThesesBooksProceedingsPatentsTechnical/ Scientific ReportsPhD Theses
    @inbook {3072,
    	title = {Using Thymolphthalein for Accelerated Carbonation Testing of High Volume Fly Ash Cementitious Blends},
    	booktitle = {Service Life and Durability of Reinforced Concrete Structures},
    	year = {2019},
    	month = {2019-09-01 00:00:00},
    	pages = {17-30},
    	publisher = {Springer, Cham},
    	organization = {Springer, Cham},
    	edition = {RILEM},
    	abstract = {

    Phenolphthalein is the most common pH indicator used to measure the
    carbonation depth of cementitious materials. It is simple and quick to use, but according
    to some authors, is not an appropriate tool. Moreover, this substance is in the
    candidate list as a substance of very high concern by European Chemicals Agency.
    This article discusses the use of thymolphthalein rather than phenolphthalein. Accelerated
    carbonation tests were performed on cement mortars and high volume fly ash
    mortars. Once this kind of mixtures has low carbonation resistance additional alkalinity
    was provided by adding hydrated lime during its fresh mixture, and by curing
    the samples immersed in a calcium hydroxide solution. The results showed that the
    best indicator was the thymolphthalein, mainly for blends with lower carbonation
    depth. It was also checked\ that adding alkalinity can be useful for increasing the
    carbonation resistance.

    }, keywords = {Carbonation, Thymolphthalein}, isbn = {978-3-319-90235-7}, issn = {2211-0844}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-90236-4}, url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-90236-4_2}, author = {Reis, R. C. and Cam{\~o}es, A. and Ribeiro, M.} }

    About CTAC

    The Centre for Territory, Environment and Construction (CTAC) is a research unit of the School of Engineering of University of Minho (UMinho), recognised by the “FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia” (Foundation for Science and Technology), associated to the Department of Civil Engineering (DEC), with whom it shares resources and namely human resources.

    Currently CTAC aggregates 24 researchers holding a PhD of which 20 are faculty professors of the Civil Engineering Department. Read more


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    Centro de Território, Ambiente e Construção
    Escola de Engenharia da Universidade do Minho
    Campus de Azurém
    4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal

    Phone: + 351 253 510 200 (517 206)
    Fax: + 351 253 510 217

    Email: geral@ctac.uminho.pt


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