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    Papers in International JournalsChapters/ Papers in International BooksChapters/ Papers in National BooksCommunications in International ConferencesCommunications in National ConferencesMSc ThesesBooksProceedingsPatentsTechnical/ Scientific ReportsPhD Theses
    @phdthesis {1578,
    	title = {Avalia{\c c}{\~a}o do desempenho das envolventes dos edif{\'\i}cios face {\`a} ac{\c c}{\~a}o dos sismos},
    	year = {2013},
    	month = {2013-01-01 00:00:00},
    	type = {phd},
    	abstract = {

    The building envelope in Europe is usually made of masonry walls, with enclosure and infill
    functions. Masonry walls have a major economic importance and contribute significantly to the
    building performance. Even if infill walls have no load-bearing function, they contribute
    significantly to the seismic behavior of buildings. Therefore, their adequate structural
    performance is needed, avoiding the occurrence of severe in-plane damage, with very large
    economic losses, and the out-of-plane expulsion, which additionally represents a large hazard
    for human life.
    Recent earthquake codes in Europe require the safety assessment of non-structural elements
    (parapets, veneer masonry walls, infill walls, etc.), when their collapse entails danger for people
    or for the main structure. The Eurocode standards, entering the mandatory stage now,
    incorporate new requirements to be fulfilled by buildings or their parts. Such is the case of
    masonry infilled RC frames whose panels, according to Eurocode 8, are explicitly required to
    withstand the out-of-plane movement induced by earthquakes. Appropriate measures should be
    taken to avoid brittle failure and premature disintegration of the infill walls, as well as the partial
    or total out-of-plane collapse of slender masonry panels.
    The analysis of buildings constructed in the last 20 years, designed following modern standards,
    may lead to worrying conclusions. Images of out-of-plane expulsions and severe in-plane
    damage of infill walls in recent seismic activities around the world reminded engineers of the
    consequences of bad practice, wrong solutions or inadequate design.
    This work presents the experimental work and results achieved by applying cyclic out-of-plane
    loads to damaged masonry infilled RC frames. The masonry panels were previously damaged
    by applying an in-plane cyclic load after which the cyclic out-of- plane loads were applied. The
    frames and panels tested follow the traditional Portuguese RC structure construction system to
    which different types of reinforcement have been introduced in the panels.
    In order to achieve the proposed goals a residential building characterization was carried out in
    Portugal and it has focused in the buildings envelope and its structure so that representative
    samples could be studied. As a result, three models were built: a model which represents the
    Portuguese traditional buildings since the nineteen-eighties which has a reinforced concrete
    structurale design according to present codes and cavity walls plastered as envelope solution;
    two models designed according to European legislation which aim to be a future solution where
    both are reinforced concrete frame with infilled masonry with either bed joint reinforcement or
    masonry infilled panels with external reinforcement.
    An experimental campaign was carried out in order to determine: the masonry properties; outplane
    panel behavior with previous in-plane damage; and building behavior subjected to
    dynamic tests performed in the shaking table. Parametric tests were also conducted, to
    establish analytical models able to reproduce in-plane and out-plane behavior leading to an
    estimated load bearing capacity for each model.
    It was concluded that panels subjected to horizontal in-plane loads got a damage condition
    correlated to the load bearing panel capacity. It was noticed that the interfaces
    masonry/concrete behavior leads the panel to the nonlinear stage and thereafter masonry
    cracks in diagonal patterns occur and corners got crushed, until column and beam connection
    finally fails. For the out-plane tests, traditional walls had the weaker performance and both
    reinforced solutions had higher loadbearing capacity.

    From the dynamic experimental campaign performed in the shaking table it was concluded that
    the traditional walls had clearly a weaker resistance than the reinforced models designed
    according to the European coded.
    These studies also made possible the development of a design method, supported by the
    presented results and in-plane and out-plane behavior of reinforced concrete frames with
    masonry infill state of the art, can be used to verify the masonry infill stability.

    }, keywords = {Building envelope, Reinforcement., Seismic behavior}, url = {http://sieeum.eng.uminho.pt/publicacoes/pub.aspx?pubid=14847}, author = {Pereira, M. F. P. and Aguiar, J. B. and Louren{\c c}o, P. B. and Cam{\~o}es, A.} }

    About CTAC

    The Centre for Territory, Environment and Construction (CTAC) is a research unit of the School of Engineering of University of Minho (UMinho), recognised by the “FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia” (Foundation for Science and Technology), associated to the Department of Civil Engineering (DEC), with whom it shares resources and namely human resources.

    Currently CTAC aggregates 25 researchers holding a PhD of which 20 are faculty professors of the Civil Engineering Department. Read more


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