Infrastructure rehabilitation represents a multitrillion dollar opportunity for the construction industry. In the United States alone, the rehabilitation needs are estimated to exceed 1.6 trillion dollars over the next five years. Since the majority of the existing infrastructure is concrete based, this means that concrete infrastructure rehabilitation is a hot issue. Besides, the sooner concrete deterioration is tackled, the lower are the rehabilitation costs. The majority of current commercial repair materials are not cost efficient and some even present both technical and worrying environmental limitations. This chapter provides a literature overview on concrete repair materials, highlighting current problems faced by them. The potential of alkali-activated mortars to overcome those limitations is analysed.